Finding your way around Vauxhall Gardens in Regency London

The Orchestra at Vauxhall from London Pleasure
 Gardens of the 18th Century by W & AE Wroth (1896)

Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens were a fashionable outdoor entertainment during the Georgian era. You can find out what the gardens were like in my earlier blog: Vauxhall Gardens in the Regency. 

When setting a scene in Vauxhall, I have found it helpful to know my way around the pleasure gardens and to know what features would have been present at different times. The rest of this blog post is based on my research.

Vauxhall from T Rowlandson's drawing from London
 Pleasure Gardens of the 18th Century 
 by W & AE Wroth (1896)

The layout of the gardens

The picture below is from an engraving dated 1751, but the layout of the gardens would have been much the same in the Regency period. I have worked out where different features are in the print and where I think future features were, based on the ground plans in Coke and Borg (see bibliography). The numbering is my interpretation and hopefully is a reasonable representation of where things were.

Vauxhall Gardens from an engraving dated 1751
from South London by W Besant (1899)

A visitor entered (2) the gardens through the proprietor’s house (1) which opened onto the Grand Walk (3), with the Rotunda (4) and Pillared Saloon (5) on the left and the Grove (6) with the Orchestra (7) on the right and the Grand South Walk (8) beyond, and the Druid’s or Lover’s Walk (9) beyond that. The Dark Walk (10) is at the edge of the garden furthest from the entrance.

Below is the same annotated print split into three vertically to show more detail and make the numbers more visible.

Vauxhall Gardens from an engraving dated 1751
from South London by W Besant (1899) - left section

Vauxhall Gardens from an engraving dated 1751
from South London by W Besant (1899) - middle section

Vauxhall Gardens from an engraving dated 1751
from South London by W Besant (1899) - right section

Key to the map

1. The Proprietor’s House
2. The original entrance through the Proprietor’s House with the Water Gate outside it. This remained the nearest entrance for visitors who came by boat.
3. The Grand Walk
4. The Rotunda
   
   

   

   The Rotunda at Vauxhall 1752 from London Pleasure
    Gardens of the 18th Century by W & AE Wroth (1896)

5. The Pillared Saloon
6. The Grove
   
   

   

   Vauxhall Gardens from an engraving dated 1751 from South London
    by W Besant (1899) - close up to show the Grove

7. The Orchestra – this is the original in the 1751 print, with the Organ Room behind. The Gothic Orchestra was built in the same place.
   
   

   

   Vauxhall Gardens from The Microcosm of London (1808-10)

8. The Grand South Walk
9. The Druids or Lovers Walk
10. The Dark Walk
11. The Prince’s Pavilion
12. The Gothic Piazza
13. The Handel Piazza
14. The Chinese Temples and Arcade
    
    

    

    The Chinese Pavilion, Vauxhall
    from Old and New London by E Walford (1878)

15. The Cascade - you can read about the Cascade here: The Cascade at Vauxhall Gardens
16. The Turkish Tent
17. Supper-boxes
    
    

    

    The Chinese temples and arcade with supper-boxes, Vauxhall
    from an engraving dated 1751 from South London by W Besant (1899)

18. Triumphal Arches
    
    

    

    Vauxhall Gardens from an engraving dated 1751 from South London
     by W Besant (1899) - close up to show triumphal arches

19. Site of an outdoor painting or transparency, and later of the Firework Tower
20. The Hermitage – the walk parallel to the Grand Walk leading to it became known as Hermits Walk.
21. Site of an outdoor painting or transparency, and later of the Submarine Cave
22. The Ballet Theatre or Rope-Dancing Theatre
23. The Octagon Rooms
24. The Centre Cross Walk
25. The Prince’s Gallery and Ante-Room or Long Room (behind the Handel Piazza)
26. The Grand Chinese Entrance
27. The Coach Gate onto Kennington Lane was to the right of this
28. The Necessary House was to the left of this, at the corner of the gardens
29. The Supper Room or Saloon or Ballroom was attached to the Rotunda - known by 1814 as the Promenade Room or Turkish Saloon

Some of the more important changes between 1751 and 1830 were:

• The original Orchestra and Organ Building were demolished in 1757-8 and replaced by the Gothic Orchestra.
• A new entrance was added onto Kennington Lane around 1762 and this was rebuilt with waiting rooms and cloakrooms in 1786. This is sometimes called the Coach Gate (to the right of 27).
• 1769 The Covered Walks were created by erecting a canopy over the parts of the Grand Walk (3) and Grand South Walk (8) within the Grove (6) with an awning between them (in front of the supper-boxes behind 16) which covered the new dancing area.
• 1785 The ice house was built (behind the Pillared Saloon (5)).
• 1786 The Supper Room was built (29).
• 1791 The Prince’s Gallery and Ante Room (25) were built behind the Handel Piazza and these lasted until about 1820.
• 1810 The Covered Walks were rebuilt with a new vaulted colonnade and the Octagon Rooms added (23).
• 1813 The Firework Tower was added at the end of the Grand South Walk. This was replaced by the Moorish Tower in 1823 (19).
• 1813 The Hermitage was built (20).
• 1822 The Submarine Cavern was added (21).
• 1823 The Ballet Theatre/Rope-Dancing Theatre was built (22).
• 1823 The Grand Chinese Entrance onto Kennington Lane opened (26).
• 1823 The Temple of Arts or Grand Musical Temple opened (near the Coach Gate end of the Lover’s Walk (to the right of 27).

Here is another map of Vauxhall Gardens, based on a survey of 1826. The main difference between this and my annotated map above is that there appears to be a second Octagon Room on the opposite corner of the Grove.

Map of Vauxhall Gardens in 1826 from London Pleasure
 Gardens of the 18th Century by W & AE Wroth (1896)

Rachel Knowles writes clean/Christian historical romance set in the time of Jane Austen. She has been sharing her research on this blog since 2011. Rachel lives in the beautiful Georgian seaside town of Weymouth, Dorset, on the south coast of England, with her husband, Andrew.

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Sources used include:

Ackermann, Rudolph and Combe, William, The Microcosm of London or London in miniature Volume 3 (Rudolph Ackermann 1808-1810, reprinted 1904)

Besant, Walter, South London (1899)

Coke, David and Borg, Alan, Vauxhall Gardens, a history (2011)

Feltham, John, The Picture of London for 1810 (1810)

The Mirror of Literature, Amusement and Instruction (1830)

Walford, Edward, Old and New London: A narrative of its history, its people, and its places (Cassell, Petter & Galpin, 1878, London) Vol 6

Wroth, Warwick and Wroth, Arthur Edgar, The London Pleasure Gardens of the eighteenth century (1896)